There are two versions of IP's
1. IP version 4: offers IPs up to 4.2 billion (32 bit size)
2. IP version 6: 128 bit size.
IP address is used for identifying the system and provides communication.
IP address is of 32 bits divided in four octets.
Each Octet is of 8 bits, separated by a (.) dot.
IP is a combination of Network ID & Host ID.
Uses subnet mask to differentiate Network ID with Host ID.
Subnet mask acts like a mask between Network ID & the Host ID.
Numbers range between 0-255. Organizations responsible for assigning IPs to clients.
IANA: Internet Assign Naming Authority.
ICANN: Internet Corporation assigning for name Numbers.
IANA has classified IP addressing into classes.
Class A: 1-126(used in LAN/WAN)
Class B: 128 – 191(used in LAN/WAN)
Class C: 192 – 223(used in LAN/WAN)
Class D: 224 – 239 (used for multi casting)
Class E: 240 – 254 (used for experimentation & research)
Class A:The first octet is reserved for network ID.
The first bit of first octet is always (0).
Class B: The first two octets are reserved for Network IDs.
The first two bits of first octet are reserved as (10)
Class C: The first three octets are reserved as network portions.
The first three bits of first octet are reserved as (110)
Class D: Used for Multicasting.
The first four bits of first octet are reserved as (1110)
Class E: Used for Experimentation.
The first four bits of first octet are reserved as (1111)
The first bit of first octet is called as priority bit which determines the class of N/W
0.0.0.0. Are reserved as N/W ID.
255.255.255.255 is reserved as broadcast ID.
127.0.0.1 Is reserved as loop back ID
Implementing/Configuring TCP/IP:
On Desktop
Right click on my network places-properties
Double click local area network-Select properties
Click-Use the following ip address
Specify the address in the box
DNS also same as IP address
Friday 14 October 2011
History of Microsoft Network O/S
1. Desktop O.S.: DOS, 95, WKS, 98, 2k Prof., XP-Prof.
2. Network O.S.: UNIX, Win NT server 4.0, Win 2000 server, Win 2003 server.
Win NT 3.1 – was introduced in 1993
Win NT 3.5 – was introduced in 1994
Win NT 4.0 – was introduced in 1996
Win NT5.0 was renamed as windows 2000 server.
.NET server was renamed as windows 2003 server
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
Windows 2003 Standard Edition:
Ø1 RAM: Min:128 MB
Ø2 Rec: 256 MB
Ø3 Max. RAM 4 GB
Ø4 Processor: Pentium 550 MHz
Ø5 HDD free space 1.5GB
Ø6 SMP: 4 processors
Windows 2003 Enterprise Editions:
Ø7 RAM: Min:128 MB
Ø8 Rec: 256 MB
Ø9 Max. RAM 16 GB
Ø10 Processor: Pentium 733MHz
Ø11 HDD free space 1.5GB
Ø12 SMP:16 processors
Windows 2003 Web Edition:
Ø13 RAM: Min:128 MB
Ø14 Rec: 256 MB
Ø15 Max. RAM 2 GB
Ø16 Processor: Pentium 550 MHz
Ø17 HDD free space 1.5GB
Ø18 SMP: 2 processors
Windows 2003 Data Center Edition:
Ø19 RAM: Min: 1GB
Ø20 Rec: 2GB
Ø21 Max. RAM 64 GB
Ø22 Processor: Pentium 733MHz
Ø23 HDD free space 1.5GB
Ø24 SMP: 64 processors
2. Network O.S.: UNIX, Win NT server 4.0, Win 2000 server, Win 2003 server.
Win NT 3.1 – was introduced in 1993
Win NT 3.5 – was introduced in 1994
Win NT 4.0 – was introduced in 1996
Win NT5.0 was renamed as windows 2000 server.
.NET server was renamed as windows 2003 server
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
Windows 2003 Standard Edition:
Ø1 RAM: Min:128 MB
Ø2 Rec: 256 MB
Ø3 Max. RAM 4 GB
Ø4 Processor: Pentium 550 MHz
Ø5 HDD free space 1.5GB
Ø6 SMP: 4 processors
Windows 2003 Enterprise Editions:
Ø7 RAM: Min:128 MB
Ø8 Rec: 256 MB
Ø9 Max. RAM 16 GB
Ø10 Processor: Pentium 733MHz
Ø11 HDD free space 1.5GB
Ø12 SMP:16 processors
Windows 2003 Web Edition:
Ø13 RAM: Min:128 MB
Ø14 Rec: 256 MB
Ø15 Max. RAM 2 GB
Ø16 Processor: Pentium 550 MHz
Ø17 HDD free space 1.5GB
Ø18 SMP: 2 processors
Windows 2003 Data Center Edition:
Ø19 RAM: Min: 1GB
Ø20 Rec: 2GB
Ø21 Max. RAM 64 GB
Ø22 Processor: Pentium 733MHz
Ø23 HDD free space 1.5GB
Ø24 SMP: 64 processors
Windows Shortcut Keys
General Windows Keystrokes
Get Help – F1
Open the Start Menu – WINDOWS LOGO KEY or CTRL+ESC
Switch between Open Applications – ALT+TAB
Open the Shortcut Menu – APPLICATIONS KEY or SHIFT+F10
Minimize all Applications – WINDOWS LOGO KEY+M
Find a File or Folder from Desktop – F3
Move to First Item on the Taskbar – WINDOWS LOGO KEY+TAB
Open Windows Explorer – WINDOWS LOGO KEY+E
Open Run Dialog – WINDOWS LOGO KEY+R
Application Keystrokes
Exit the Active Application – ALT+F4
Open the Application Control Menu – ALT+SPACEBAR
Move to the Menu Bar – ALT
Move between Menus – ALT, ARROW KEYS
Choose a Menu Item – ENTER
Open a child Window Control Menu – ALT+DASH
Cancel or close a Menu – ESC or ALT
Working in Dialog Boxes
Move through Dialog Controls – TAB
Move Backward through Dialog Controls – SHIFT+TAB
Move to Another Page – CTRL+TAB
Reverse Direction through Pages – CTRL+SHIFT+TAB
Select/Deselect in List View – SPACEBAR or CTRL+SPACEBAR
Toggle a Check Box ON/OFF – SPACEBAR
Working with Text
Move One Character Left – LEFT ARROW
Move One Character Right – RIGHT ARROW
Move One Word Left – CTRL+LEFT ARROW
Move One Word Right – CTRL+RIGHT ARROW
Move to Beginning of Line – HOME
Move to End of Line – END
Move One Paragraph Up – CTRL+UP ARROW
Move One Paragraph Down – CTRL+DOWN ARROW
Move to Beginning of Document – CTRL+HOME
Move to End of Document – CTRL+END
Scroll Up or Down One Screen – PAGE UP or PAGE DOWN
Select One Character Left – SHIFT+LEFT ARROW
Select One Character Right – SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW
Select One Word Left – CTRL+SHIFT+LEFF ARROW
Select One Word Right – CTRL+SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW
Select to Beginning of Line – SHIFT+HOME
Select to End of Line – SHIFT+END
Select to Beginning of Document – CTRL+SHIFT+HOME
Select to End of Document – CTRL+SHIFT+END
Select All – CTRL+A
Undo – CTRL+Z
Delete Current Character – DELETE
Delete Prior Character – BACKSPACE
Working in Windows Explorer
Delete Selected File or Folder – DELETE
Rename Selected File or Folder – F2
Refresh Window – F5
Switch Between Tree View and List View – F6 or TAB
Go Up One Folder Level – BACKSPACE
Open File or Folder Properties – ALT+ENTER
Untruncate Columns in List View – CTRL+NUM PAD PLUS
Using the Clipboard
Copy Selected File or Text to Clipboard – CTRL+C
Cut Selected File or Text to Clipboard – CTRL+X
Paste Contents of Clipboard – CTRL+V
Windows System Key Combinations
CTRL+ESC - Open Start menu
ALT+TAB - Switch between open programs
ALT+F4 - Quit program
SHIFT+DELETE - Delete items permanently
Windows Program Key Combinations
CTRL+C - Copy
CTRL+X - Cut
CTRL+V - Paste
CTRL+Z - Undo
CTRL+B - Bold
CTRL+U - Underline
CTRL+I - Italic
Mouse Click/Keyboard Modifier Combinations for Shell Objects
SHIFT+RIGHT CLICK - Displays a context menu containing alternative verbs.
SHIFT+DOUBLE CLICK - Runs the alternate default command (the second item on the menu).
ALT+DOUBLE CLICK - Displays properties.
SHIFT+DELETE - Deletes an item immediately without placing it in the Recycle Bin.
General Keyboard-Only Commands
F1 - Starts Windows Help.
F10 - Activates menu bar options.
SHIFT+F10 - Opens a context menu for the selected item. This is the same as right-clicking anobject.
CTRL+ESC - Opens the Start menu. Use the ARROW keys to select an item.
CTRL+ESC, ESC - Selects the Start button. (Press TAB to select quick launch, the taskbar, system tray)
ALT+DOWN ARROW - Opens a drop-down list box.
ALT+TAB - Switch to another running application. Hold down the ALT key and then press the TAB key to view the task-switching window.
Press down and hold the SHIFT key while you insert a CD-ROM to bypass the auto-run feature.
ALT+SPACE - Displays the main window's System menu. From the System menu, you can restore, move, resize, minimize, maximize, or close the window.
ALT+- (ALT+hyphen) - Displays the Multiple Document Interface (MDI) child window's System menu. From the MDI child window's System menu, you can restore, move, resize, minimize, maximize, or close the child window.
CTRL+TAB - Switch to the next child window of a Multiple Document Interface (MDI) application.
ALT+ - Opens the corresponding menu.
ALT+F4 - Closes the current window.
ALT+DOWN ARROW - Opens a drop-down list box.
CTRL+F4 - Closes the current Multiple Document Interface (MDI) window.
ALT+F6 - Switch between multiple windows in the same program. For example, when the Notepad Find dialog box is displayed, ALT+F6 switches between the Find dialog box and the main Notepad window.
Shell Objects and General Folder/Windows Explorer Shortcuts
F2 - Rename object
F3 - Find: All Files
CTRL+X - Cut
CTRL+C - Copy
CTRL+V - Paste
SHIFT+DEL - Delete selection immediately, without moving the item to the Recycle Bin.
ALT+ENTER - Open the property sheet for the selected object.
To Copy a File - Press down and hold the CTRL key while you drag the file to another folder.
To Create a Shortcut - Press down and hold CTRL+SHIFT while you drag a file to the desktop or a folder.
General Folder/Shortcut Control
F4 - Selects the Go To A Different Folder box and moves down the entries in the box (if the toolbar is active in Windows Explorer).
F5 - Refreshes the current window.
F6 - Moves among panes in Windows Explorer.
CTRL+G - Opens the Go To Folder tool (in Windows 95 Windows Explorer only).
CTRL+Z - Undo the last command.
CTRL+A - Select all the items in the current window.
BACKSPACE - Switch to the parent folder.
SHIFT+CLICK - Close Button For folders, close the current folder plus all parent folders.
Windows Explorer Tree Control
Numeric Keypad * - Expands everything under the current selection.
Numeric Keypad + - Expands the current selection.
Numeric Keypad - - Collapses the current selection.
RIGHT ARROW - Expands the current selection if it is not expanded, otherwise goes to the first child.
LEFT ARROW - Collapses the current selection if it is expanded, otherwise goes to the parent.
Property Sheet Control
CTRL+TAB/CTRL+SHIFT+TAB - Move through the property tabs.
Accessibility Shortcuts
Tap SHIFT 5 times - Toggles StickyKeys on and off.
Press down and hold the right SHIFT key for 8 seconds - Toggles FilterKeys on and off.
Press down and hold the NUM LOCK key for 5 seconds - Toggles ToggleKeys on and off.
Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK - Toggles MouseKeys on and off.
Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN - Toggles High Contrast on and off.
Microsoft Natural Keyboard Keys
WINDOWS - Start Menu
WINDOWS+R - Run dialog box
WINDOWS+M - Minimize All
SHIFT+WINDOWS+M - Undo Minimize All
WINDOWS+F1 - Help
WINDOWS+E - Windows Explorer
WINDOWS+F - Find Files or Folders
WINDOWS+D - Minimizes all open windows and displays the desktop
CTRL+WINDOWS+F - Find Computer
CTRL+WINDOWS+TAB - Moves focus from Start, to Quick Launch bar, to System Tray. Use RIGHT ARROW or LEFT ARROW to move focus to items on Quick Launch bar and System Tray
WINDOWS+TAB - Cycle through taskbar buttons
WINDOWS+BREAK - System Properties dialog box
Application key - Displays a context menu for the selected item
Microsoft Natural Keyboard with IntelliType Software Installed
WINDOWS+L - Log off Windows
WINDOWS+P - Opens Print Manager
WINDOWS+C - Opens Control Panel
WINDOWS+V - Opens Clipboard
WINDOWS+K - Opens Keyboard Properties dialog box
WINDOWS+I - Opens Mouse Properties dialog box
WINDOWS+A - Opens Accessibility Options(if installed)
WINDOWS+SPACEBAR - Displays the list of IntelliType Hotkeys
WINDOWS+S - Toggles the CAP LOCK key on and off
Dialog Box Keyboard Commands
TAB - Move to the next control in the dialog box.
SHIFT+TAB - Move to the previous control in the dialog box.
SPACEBAR - If the current control is a button, this clicks the button. If the current control is a check box, this toggles the check box. If the current control is an option button, this selects the option button.
ENTER - Equivalent to clicking the selected button (the button with the outline).
ESC - Equivalent to clicking the Cancel button.
ALT+ - Select menu item.
Get Help – F1
Open the Start Menu – WINDOWS LOGO KEY or CTRL+ESC
Switch between Open Applications – ALT+TAB
Open the Shortcut Menu – APPLICATIONS KEY or SHIFT+F10
Minimize all Applications – WINDOWS LOGO KEY+M
Find a File or Folder from Desktop – F3
Move to First Item on the Taskbar – WINDOWS LOGO KEY+TAB
Open Windows Explorer – WINDOWS LOGO KEY+E
Open Run Dialog – WINDOWS LOGO KEY+R
Application Keystrokes
Exit the Active Application – ALT+F4
Open the Application Control Menu – ALT+SPACEBAR
Move to the Menu Bar – ALT
Move between Menus – ALT, ARROW KEYS
Choose a Menu Item – ENTER
Open a child Window Control Menu – ALT+DASH
Cancel or close a Menu – ESC or ALT
Working in Dialog Boxes
Move through Dialog Controls – TAB
Move Backward through Dialog Controls – SHIFT+TAB
Move to Another Page – CTRL+TAB
Reverse Direction through Pages – CTRL+SHIFT+TAB
Select/Deselect in List View – SPACEBAR or CTRL+SPACEBAR
Toggle a Check Box ON/OFF – SPACEBAR
Working with Text
Move One Character Left – LEFT ARROW
Move One Character Right – RIGHT ARROW
Move One Word Left – CTRL+LEFT ARROW
Move One Word Right – CTRL+RIGHT ARROW
Move to Beginning of Line – HOME
Move to End of Line – END
Move One Paragraph Up – CTRL+UP ARROW
Move One Paragraph Down – CTRL+DOWN ARROW
Move to Beginning of Document – CTRL+HOME
Move to End of Document – CTRL+END
Scroll Up or Down One Screen – PAGE UP or PAGE DOWN
Select One Character Left – SHIFT+LEFT ARROW
Select One Character Right – SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW
Select One Word Left – CTRL+SHIFT+LEFF ARROW
Select One Word Right – CTRL+SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW
Select to Beginning of Line – SHIFT+HOME
Select to End of Line – SHIFT+END
Select to Beginning of Document – CTRL+SHIFT+HOME
Select to End of Document – CTRL+SHIFT+END
Select All – CTRL+A
Undo – CTRL+Z
Delete Current Character – DELETE
Delete Prior Character – BACKSPACE
Working in Windows Explorer
Delete Selected File or Folder – DELETE
Rename Selected File or Folder – F2
Refresh Window – F5
Switch Between Tree View and List View – F6 or TAB
Go Up One Folder Level – BACKSPACE
Open File or Folder Properties – ALT+ENTER
Untruncate Columns in List View – CTRL+NUM PAD PLUS
Using the Clipboard
Copy Selected File or Text to Clipboard – CTRL+C
Cut Selected File or Text to Clipboard – CTRL+X
Paste Contents of Clipboard – CTRL+V
Windows System Key Combinations
CTRL+ESC - Open Start menu
ALT+TAB - Switch between open programs
ALT+F4 - Quit program
SHIFT+DELETE - Delete items permanently
Windows Program Key Combinations
CTRL+C - Copy
CTRL+X - Cut
CTRL+V - Paste
CTRL+Z - Undo
CTRL+B - Bold
CTRL+U - Underline
CTRL+I - Italic
Mouse Click/Keyboard Modifier Combinations for Shell Objects
SHIFT+RIGHT CLICK - Displays a context menu containing alternative verbs.
SHIFT+DOUBLE CLICK - Runs the alternate default command (the second item on the menu).
ALT+DOUBLE CLICK - Displays properties.
SHIFT+DELETE - Deletes an item immediately without placing it in the Recycle Bin.
General Keyboard-Only Commands
F1 - Starts Windows Help.
F10 - Activates menu bar options.
SHIFT+F10 - Opens a context menu for the selected item. This is the same as right-clicking anobject.
CTRL+ESC - Opens the Start menu. Use the ARROW keys to select an item.
CTRL+ESC, ESC - Selects the Start button. (Press TAB to select quick launch, the taskbar, system tray)
ALT+DOWN ARROW - Opens a drop-down list box.
ALT+TAB - Switch to another running application. Hold down the ALT key and then press the TAB key to view the task-switching window.
Press down and hold the SHIFT key while you insert a CD-ROM to bypass the auto-run feature.
ALT+SPACE - Displays the main window's System menu. From the System menu, you can restore, move, resize, minimize, maximize, or close the window.
ALT+- (ALT+hyphen) - Displays the Multiple Document Interface (MDI) child window's System menu. From the MDI child window's System menu, you can restore, move, resize, minimize, maximize, or close the child window.
CTRL+TAB - Switch to the next child window of a Multiple Document Interface (MDI) application.
ALT+ - Opens the corresponding menu.
ALT+F4 - Closes the current window.
ALT+DOWN ARROW - Opens a drop-down list box.
CTRL+F4 - Closes the current Multiple Document Interface (MDI) window.
ALT+F6 - Switch between multiple windows in the same program. For example, when the Notepad Find dialog box is displayed, ALT+F6 switches between the Find dialog box and the main Notepad window.
Shell Objects and General Folder/Windows Explorer Shortcuts
F2 - Rename object
F3 - Find: All Files
CTRL+X - Cut
CTRL+C - Copy
CTRL+V - Paste
SHIFT+DEL - Delete selection immediately, without moving the item to the Recycle Bin.
ALT+ENTER - Open the property sheet for the selected object.
To Copy a File - Press down and hold the CTRL key while you drag the file to another folder.
To Create a Shortcut - Press down and hold CTRL+SHIFT while you drag a file to the desktop or a folder.
General Folder/Shortcut Control
F4 - Selects the Go To A Different Folder box and moves down the entries in the box (if the toolbar is active in Windows Explorer).
F5 - Refreshes the current window.
F6 - Moves among panes in Windows Explorer.
CTRL+G - Opens the Go To Folder tool (in Windows 95 Windows Explorer only).
CTRL+Z - Undo the last command.
CTRL+A - Select all the items in the current window.
BACKSPACE - Switch to the parent folder.
SHIFT+CLICK - Close Button For folders, close the current folder plus all parent folders.
Windows Explorer Tree Control
Numeric Keypad * - Expands everything under the current selection.
Numeric Keypad + - Expands the current selection.
Numeric Keypad - - Collapses the current selection.
RIGHT ARROW - Expands the current selection if it is not expanded, otherwise goes to the first child.
LEFT ARROW - Collapses the current selection if it is expanded, otherwise goes to the parent.
Property Sheet Control
CTRL+TAB/CTRL+SHIFT+TAB - Move through the property tabs.
Accessibility Shortcuts
Tap SHIFT 5 times - Toggles StickyKeys on and off.
Press down and hold the right SHIFT key for 8 seconds - Toggles FilterKeys on and off.
Press down and hold the NUM LOCK key for 5 seconds - Toggles ToggleKeys on and off.
Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK - Toggles MouseKeys on and off.
Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN - Toggles High Contrast on and off.
Microsoft Natural Keyboard Keys
WINDOWS - Start Menu
WINDOWS+R - Run dialog box
WINDOWS+M - Minimize All
SHIFT+WINDOWS+M - Undo Minimize All
WINDOWS+F1 - Help
WINDOWS+E - Windows Explorer
WINDOWS+F - Find Files or Folders
WINDOWS+D - Minimizes all open windows and displays the desktop
CTRL+WINDOWS+F - Find Computer
CTRL+WINDOWS+TAB - Moves focus from Start, to Quick Launch bar, to System Tray. Use RIGHT ARROW or LEFT ARROW to move focus to items on Quick Launch bar and System Tray
WINDOWS+TAB - Cycle through taskbar buttons
WINDOWS+BREAK - System Properties dialog box
Application key - Displays a context menu for the selected item
Microsoft Natural Keyboard with IntelliType Software Installed
WINDOWS+L - Log off Windows
WINDOWS+P - Opens Print Manager
WINDOWS+C - Opens Control Panel
WINDOWS+V - Opens Clipboard
WINDOWS+K - Opens Keyboard Properties dialog box
WINDOWS+I - Opens Mouse Properties dialog box
WINDOWS+A - Opens Accessibility Options(if installed)
WINDOWS+SPACEBAR - Displays the list of IntelliType Hotkeys
WINDOWS+S - Toggles the CAP LOCK key on and off
Dialog Box Keyboard Commands
TAB - Move to the next control in the dialog box.
SHIFT+TAB - Move to the previous control in the dialog box.
SPACEBAR - If the current control is a button, this clicks the button. If the current control is a check box, this toggles the check box. If the current control is an option button, this selects the option button.
ENTER - Equivalent to clicking the selected button (the button with the outline).
ESC - Equivalent to clicking the Cancel button.
ALT+ - Select menu item.
Difference Between FAT And NTFS
NTFS
1.allows access local to w2k,w2k3,XP,win NT4 with SP4 & later may get access for some file.
2.Maximum size of partition is 2 Terabytes & more.
3.Maximum File size is up to 16TB.
4.File & folder Encryption is possible only in NTFS.
FAT 32
1.Fat 32 Allows access to win 95,98,win millenium,win2k,xp on local partition.
2.Maximum size of partition is up to 2 TB.
3.Maximum File size is up to 4 GB.
4.File & folder Encryption is not possible.
1.allows access local to w2k,w2k3,XP,win NT4 with SP4 & later may get access for some file.
2.Maximum size of partition is 2 Terabytes & more.
3.Maximum File size is up to 16TB.
4.File & folder Encryption is possible only in NTFS.
FAT 32
1.Fat 32 Allows access to win 95,98,win millenium,win2k,xp on local partition.
2.Maximum size of partition is up to 2 TB.
3.Maximum File size is up to 4 GB.
4.File & folder Encryption is not possible.
Types of Networks
1)Local Area Network (LAN):
Systems connected within the same geographical area is called LAN. A LAN can span 2 kilometers. Components of LAN:
1. NIC (Network Interface Card)
2. Cable – Co axial, cat5 or cat6
3. Hubs or Switches. 2)Metropolitan Area Networking:
MAN is a combination of LANs or WANS located and connected within the same city. Components of MAN:
1. Router
2. Brouter (Brouter is a combination of bridge or router)
3. ATM Switches
4. DSL connectivity (DSL – Digital Subscriber Link) ex: Star cables
. 3) Wide Area Networking (WAN):
Interconnection of LANs or MANs located within the same geographical area or different area it depends on telecommunication services.
Components of WAN: Same as MAN
Systems connected within the same geographical area is called LAN. A LAN can span 2 kilometers. Components of LAN:
1. NIC (Network Interface Card)
2. Cable – Co axial, cat5 or cat6
3. Hubs or Switches. 2)Metropolitan Area Networking:
MAN is a combination of LANs or WANS located and connected within the same city. Components of MAN:
1. Router
2. Brouter (Brouter is a combination of bridge or router)
3. ATM Switches
4. DSL connectivity (DSL – Digital Subscriber Link) ex: Star cables
. 3) Wide Area Networking (WAN):
Interconnection of LANs or MANs located within the same geographical area or different area it depends on telecommunication services.
Components of WAN: Same as MAN
Introduction of Network
NETWORK:
It is a process of communication between the interconnected devices basically to share the network resources.
Benefits of Networking:
1. Share resources.
i) Data
ii) Hardware
2. Share S/W
3. Sharing of license
Network is a collection of computers connected together to get benefited from networking.
Networking: Networking is a process of communication among systems.
It is a process of communication between the interconnected devices basically to share the network resources.
Benefits of Networking:
1. Share resources.
i) Data
ii) Hardware
2. Share S/W
3. Sharing of license
Network is a collection of computers connected together to get benefited from networking.
Networking: Networking is a process of communication among systems.
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